| Measure Description | Source of measure | Roggman, L. A., Cook, G. A., Innocenti, M.S., Jump Norman, V. K., & Christiansen, K. (2013). Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of observations linked to outcomes (PICCOLO) in diverse ethnic groups. Infant Mental Health Journal. 34(4), 290–306. |
| Mode of administration | Coding of observed (video) parent-child interaction | |
| Age range for use | Children ages 10–47 months | |
| Domains Assessed | 29 parenting behaviors in four domains: Affection (7 items), Responsiveness (7 items), Encouragement of Autonomy (7 items), and Teaching (8 items). Each item is scored as 0 = absent (behavior not observed), 1 = barely (brief, minor, or emerging behavior observed), or 2 = clearly (definite, strong, or frequent behavior observed). Assessors add scores for each item to calculate a domain score. No overall score is calculated. | |
| Related Measures | Can be used in conjunction with the Home Visit Rating Scales (HOVRS), a direct observation tool to assess the quality of home visits. | |
| Burden | Training needed to administer | Minimal staff training required. Staff need to practice asking the questions as an interview. |
| Minutes to complete | 64 minute training DVD available for purchase with 14 clips of parent–child interactions to practice observing and scoring | |
| # of items | checklist of 29 observable developmentally supportive parenting behaviors in four domains | |
| Cost | Yes | |
| Adaptation for AIAN use | Adapted | No |
| Developer allows adaptation? | Not indicated | |
| Used with AIAN populations? | None identified | |
| Psychometrics | Norm-referenced | No Interpretability: The authors provide a scoring grid that may be used to interpret domain scores by age. The grid summarizes scores indicative of high risk, moderate risk, and strength (e.g., low/no risk) for each domain such that risk corresponds to suboptimal toddler development. The scoring grid is helpful for identifying families’ strengths and areas that need improvement. |
| AIAN: Cronbach's alpha range | None identified | |
| AIAN: Evidence of validity | None identified | |
| Other populations: Cronbach's alpha range | Cronbach’s α averaged .78 across the four domain items (.78 for the affection domain, .75 for the responsiveness domain, .77 for the encouragement domain, and .80 for the teaching domain); α = .91 for the total PICCOLO score at each age. Roggman et al. 2013 reported that internal consistency reliability was similar among European American, African American, and Latino American low-income families. Interrater reliability correlations between pairs of observers averaged r = .77 for all items and ranged from r = .74 for the responsiveness domain to r = .80 for the affection domain. Interrater reliability correlations between observers of different ethnicities averaged r=.80 for PICCOLO total scores, r = .78 for the affection domain, r = .68 for the responsiveness domain, r = .66 for the encouragement domain, and r = .75 for the teaching domain. | |
| Other populations: Evidence of validity | Construct Validity: Domains and total scale scores were significantly correlated with established measures of the same parenting interactions in the total sample and within the subgroups of European American, African American, and Latino American low-income families. Predictive Validity: PICCOLO total scores and domain scores were significantly correlated with later child cognitive, language, and socioemotional outcomes at ages 2, 3, and 5. PICCOLO total and domain scores predicted: cognitive outcomes as measured by the MDI at age 3 years and the WJ-AP subscale at age 5; language and literacy outcomes as measured by the PPVT-II at ages 3 and 5 and the WJ-LW subscale at prekindergarten; socioemotional outcomes as measured by the BRS-ER at age 3 and the CBCL-A at ages 3 and 5; and an index of school-readiness. Predictive validity was similar among European American, African American, and Latino American families. | |
| Source | Developer | Roggman, L. A., Cook, G. A., Innocenti, M.S., Jump Norman, V. K., & Christiansen, K. (2009). PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions With Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes) user’s guide. Logan, UT: Utah State University |
| Link | http://www.brookespublishing.com/resource-center/screening-and-assessment/piccolo/ | |
| Summary | Comments about sensitivity to change | None indicated |
| General remarks | None |
Table Updated November 16, 2017