| Measure Description | Source of measure | Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, Revised (DC:0-3R), by ZERO TO THREE (2005). Order at www.zerotothree.org/bookstore. Note: The DC:0-3R was just recently revised to the DC:0-5 but the PIR-GAS citation has not yet been updated |
| Mode of administration | Clinical interview with parent coupled with observation of parent-child interaction | |
| Age range for use | 0 to 3 | |
| Domains Assessed | Global relationship quality, ranging from "well adapted" to "documented maltreatment" | |
| Related Measures | None reported | |
| Burden | Training needed to administer | Four+ hours training by experienced clinician, or certified psychologist |
| Minutes to complete | Three to five 45 minute sessions | |
| # of items | One 9-point scale to characterize parent-child relationship quality | |
| Cost | There is a charge for the Diagnostic Manual (DC:0-3R or current version, DC:0-5). The stand alone PIR-GAS is available online as a PDF at no charge. | |
| Adaptation for AIAN use | Adapted | No |
| Developer allows adaptation? | No | |
| Used with AIAN populations? | None documented | |
| Psychometrics | Norm-referenced | No |
| AIAN: Cronbach's alpha range | Not available | |
| AIAN: Evidence of validity | Not available | |
| Other populations: Cronbach's alpha range | Evidence for the reliability of the PIR-GAS is limited and may vary based on the length of the observation (Müller et al., 2013). | |
| Other populations: Evidence of validity | Evidence for the tool's validity is somewhat limited. One study provided evidence of predictive validity: PIR-GAS score at 20 months was associated with parent-child interaction and internalizing symptoms at 24 months (Aoki, Zeanah, Heller, Bakshi, 2002). Another showed the concurrent validity of the PIR-GAS with measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Thomas & Guskin, 2001). | |
| Source | Developer | ZERO TO THREE |
| Link | www.zerotothree.org/bookstore https://cypiapt.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/0-3r-pirgas1.pdf | |
| Summary | Comments about sensitivity to change | PIR-GAS scores improved (effect size = .16) following relationship-based intervention (Knapp, Ammen, Arstein-Kerslake, Poulsen, Mastergeorge, 2007). |
| General remarks |
Table Updated October 12, 2107